Journal Articles | 17th Edition

An illustrated journalThe first entry is a sample footnote/endnote as it would appear the first time that a work is cited. Remember, while our examples begin with “1.”, notes should be numbered based on the order they occur in the paper.

The second entry is a shortened version for subsequent notes from the same source.

The third entry is the bibliographic citation that will be found at the end of the work. A bibliography is alphabetized by author’s last name.


NOTE: For journal articles, the note should only include the pages you are quoting / summarizing, but include the page range for the entire article in the bibliography.
1. Camila Maria de Oliveira et al., "The Longitudinal Progression of MRI Changes in Pre-Ataxic Carriers of SCA3/MJD," Journal of Neurology 270, no. 8 (August, 2023): 4280.
2. Oliveira et al., "Longitudinal Progression," 4281.
de Oliveira, Camila Maria, Vanessa Bielefeldt Leotti, Sandra Polita, Mauricio Anes, Amanda Henz Cappelli, Anastacia Guimarães Rocha, Gabriela Ecco, et al. "The Longitudinal Progression of MRI Changes in Pre-Ataxic Carriers of SCA3/MJD." Journal of Neurology 270, no. 8 (2023): 4276-4287.
NOTE: As seen above, journal articles particularly from the sciences may have numerous authors. For notes, include only the first author and then “et al” for the others. In the bibliography entry, include up to ten authors. If there are more than ten authors, include only the first seven and then substitute “et al” for the others.

NOTE: For journals consulted online, include a URL at the end of the first note and bibliography entry, as seen below. The URL is not necessary for shortened notes. Many journals offer a Digital Object Identifier, or DOI, that acts as a permanent URL. Whenever possible, use the DOI URL in citations.
1. Camila Maria de Oliveira et al., "The Longitudinal Progression of MRI Changes in Pre-Ataxic Carriers of SCA3/MJD," Journal of Neurology 270, no. 8 (August, 2023): 4280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11763-6.
2. Oliveira et al., "Longitudinal Progression," 4281.
de Oliveira, Camila Maria, Vanessa Bielefeldt Leotti, Sandra Polita, Mauricio Anes, Amanda Henz Cappelli, Anastacia Guimarães Rocha, Gabriela Ecco, et al. "The Longitudinal Progression of MRI Changes in Pre-Ataxic Carriers of SCA3/MJD." Journal of Neurology 270, no. 8 (2023): 4276-4287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11763-6.

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